7 Types of Punctuation Errors

7 Types of Punctuation Errors 7 Types of Punctuation Errors 7 Types of Punctuation Errors By Mark Nichol Each of the following sentences below demonstrates a specific type of error involving internal punctuation, usually involving a problem with a comma. Discussion and revision following each example explains and illustrates correct use of punctuation in the sentence. 1. Misplaced Punctuation This approach requires an effective model risk governance program, and crucially, validation of the model by an independent party. A comma is needed after program only if what follows is an independent clause. In this case, the rest of the sentence is merely the rest of an extended compound predicate. However, crucially is a parenthetical, and a comma is required before as well as after it: â€Å"This approach requires an effective model risk governance program and, crucially, validation of the model by an independent party.† 2. Missing Punctuation Specifically her portfolio did not include the required number of samples. An adverbial introduction must be set off from the main clause by a comma: â€Å"Specifically, her portfolio did not include the required number of samples.† 3. Unpaired Punctuation The survey found increasing demand for customer experiences that are difficult, if not impossible to deliver with legacy systems. Related to the misplaced and missing examples above, this sentence is flawed in that the parenthetical phrase â€Å"if not impossible† is set off only in front, not behind as well: â€Å"The survey found increasing demand for customer experiences that are difficult, if not impossible, to deliver with legacy systems.† 4. Extraneous Punctuation Knowing which sensitive data need to be highly protected, where this information sits within the organization, and what security mechanisms need to be applied, are all key considerations for a sound information security risk assessment. A comma should not precede a verb unless it is the second of two commas bracketing a parenthetical phrase: â€Å"Knowing which sensitive data need to be highly protected, where this information sits within the organization, and what security mechanisms need to be applied are all key considerations for a sound information security risk assessment.† 5. Excessive Punctuation Consumers have the right to speak out or complain, and to seek compensation- payment or a replacement item- or redress- have a wrong corrected. Excessive punctuation often occurs when a sentence is cluttered with commas, and a sentence should be recast or divided into two or more sentences if more than a few commas appear (and semicolons are not included to assist in sentence organization). But when dashes are used to set off parenthetical phrases, no more than one pair should be used, because readers may have difficulty at first recognizing which parts of the sentence are being bracketed. Either revise the sentence so that only one pair of dashes is needed, or replace dashes with parentheses, which because the open and close parentheses are shaped differently, clearly indicate what is contained within them: â€Å"Consumers have the right to speak out or complain and to seek compensation (payment or a replacement item) or redress (have a wrong corrected).† (Note, too, that the sole comma is superfluous.) 6. Inconsistent Punctuation Last year a man agreed to give up his drone system and promise not to fly a drone for three years. . . . Last month, the FAA announced there are now more registered drone operators in the United States than there are registered manned aircraft. If an optional punctuation mark is used in one sentence in a piece of content, it should be used in any similarly constructed sentence; see the consistent inclusion of a comma after the short introductory phrase in both sentences: â€Å"Last year, a man agreed to give up his drone system and promise not to fly a drone for three years. . . . Last month, the FAA announced there are now more registered drone operators in the United States than there are registered manned aircraft.† (Note that â€Å"last year† and â€Å"last† month serve the same adverbial function as specifically in the second example, but such brief introductory phrases do not require punctuation, though for consistency, it is recommended.) 7. Incorrect Punctuation One person had to be airlifted off the site after the structure collapsed Monday night, the rest were treated at an on-site medical facility. Because this sentence consists of two independent clauses, they must be separated by a semicolon rather than a mere comma: â€Å"One person had to be airlifted off the site after the structure collapsed Monday night; the rest were treated at an on-site medical facility.† (A period is also appropriate, but the close relationship of the two clauses allows for a semicolon.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Dialogue Dos and Don'tsAbstract Nouns from AdjectivesA Yes-and-No Answer About Hyphenating Phrases

Aggression In Violent Offenders Psychology Essay

Aggression In Violent Offenders Psychology Essay Anger is considered to be an innate emotion within human beings that is associated with positive and negative qualities. Subjectively, anger can range from mild to severe or from mere irritation to rage (Wright, Day, & Howells, 2009). Anger can positively act to mobilize psychological resources, facilitate perseverance, protect self-esteem, energize corrective behaviors, and communicate negative sentiments. However, anger also holds the negative potential to cause individuals to act out violently and harm themselves or others (Wright, Day, & Howells, 2009). The concept of anger is considered to be multidimensional in that it involves behavioral, cognitive, physiological, and phenomenological variables (Wright, Day, & Howells, 2009). Anger results from interactions between four dimensions such as behavioral reactions, external events, physiological arousal, and cognitive processes (Wright, Day, & Howells, 2009). The association between anger and distorted perceptions can result in th e inability to make appropriate assessments of behaviors, attitudes, and interactions within social contexts (Wright, Day, & Howells, 2009). Anger that has significant intensity, duration, and frequency is referred to as clinical anger. This form of anger is described as being a precursor to health and social difficulties (Gardner & Moore, 2008). These difficulties can occur interpersonally, occupationally, and legally as well as could impact an individual’s physical and mental health (Gardner & Moore, 2008). While clinical anger does not have a criterion for diagnosis, it does serve as a contributing factor to various mental disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Furthermore, anger was described as being central to many forms of violence, which makes anger relevant to treating violent offenders (Wright, Day, & Howells, 2009). Concept of Aggression Aggression is defined as behaviors that are intended to harm another person or persons (Casas, 2005). Much research addressing aggression has focused on physical acts of aggression but has since begun to expand upon the definition of aggression (Casas, 2005). Purdy and Seklecki (2006) asserted aggression is typically associated with harmful and violent acts, such as assaults and homicides. According to Beaver (2009) career criminals are more likely to use serious violence and physical aggression compared to other offenders. In addition, various aggressive and violent crimes such as robbery, assault, rape, and murder are almost exclusively confined to habitual offenders (Beaver, 2009). Tew, Dixon, Harkins, and Bennett (2012) described aggression in relation to offenders in terms of verbal and physical aggression. Verbal aggression consisted of raising one’s voice, shouting, swearing, being abusive, being argumentative, conveying threats, ranting, having an outburst, initiating a confrontation, and bullying (Tew et al., 2012). Acts such as hitting, smashing up belongings, throwing belongings , slamming doors, hitting tables, or acts that resulted in restraint are considered to be physical acts of aggression (Tew et al., 2012). Similarly, Casas (2005) described various forms of aggression. Aggression can be classified as physical aggression, indirect aggression, social aggression, or relational aggression (Casas, 2005). Casas’ (2005) description of physical aggression was consistent with how Tew et al. (2012) described physical aggression. Indirect aggression involves covert and harmful behavior in which a victim is not directly confronted by the perpetrator. Social aggression involves harming another individual’s self-esteem, social acceptance, or social status (Casas, 2005). Lastly, relational aggression is defined as harming another in terms of damaging a relationship, feelings of acceptance, or group inclusion (Casas, 2005). In general, social and biological factors contribute to aggression (Casas, 2005).

Human Rights Declaration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Rights Declaration - Essay Example It will also relate the role of education for community empowerment and of rights advocacy. UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights The United Nation’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights is an embodiment of world’s recognition of all persons’ inalienable rights for liberty, property, justice, and peace (UN, 2012). The instrument is upheld globally and is protected by laws or treaties, as ratified by member states, to make it part of the laws of every countries (UN, 2012). The declaration extols human rights as essential component for national development, social cohesion, world peace and in improving opportunities for international or national growth (UN, 2012). The declaration guarantees human freedom, equality and security to fully enjoy the right to life. It rejects all forms of discrimination and violence while it accords to everyone the right to avail legal remedy, fair trial, and equal treatment under rule of law following the doctrine on the presumptio n of innocence until one is proven by court as guilty (UN, 2012). The declaration further assures people of their right to travel, the right for asylum, to acquire property, to be part of associations, to participate in good governance, as well as, the right to privacy (UN, 2012). The law likewise promote the right for social security, education, and to avail opportunities commensurate to anyone’s educational attainment and skills (UN, 2012). ... Elsewhere in the world, repressive regimes have subjected people to severe human rights violations (HRVs) which oftentimes stripped them of their rights to dignity and life. Some cases would even illustrate how the state resorts to deprive peoples on their right life, peace and security during war, or in the escalation of state-sponsored crimes, and of terrorism. In Uzbekistan, for example, human rights advocates documented violence and torture that were inflicted to prisoners which prompted the United States, European Union and the European Bank for Reconstruction to investigate (Human Rights Watch, 2011).2 The most prominent report on torture was that photo in 2002 of Muzafar Avazov, a religious human rights advocate, who died after he was submerged by his interrogators in boiling water (HRW, 2011, p. 1). His dead body also bore some marks and scars of violence. Such issue has serious implication about how the criminal and justice system works in Uzbekistan (HRW, 2011, p. 2). The c ase was further aggravated with series of indiscriminate killings which victimized a number of innocent civilians in the areas of Andijan (HRW, 2011, p. 2). This motivated UN to intervene and investigate the pervasive human rights problem even within its criminal justice system. UN also openly condemned the incessant use of force and violence against civil society and decided to enforce sanctions for the abuses made. It wielded international pressure to ask Uzbek government to undertake reforms of governance and in its judicial system. Such case like this has positive implications to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights—as an international policy which set global standard in the introduction of governance and for judicial

Personal Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Personal Development - Essay Example When I was ten years old, I would destroy my toys in order to get wires out of them, then join them together, connect them via bulbs and small machines to the circuit to see what happened. I have been sponsored by the Qatar Petroleum Company. I will be henceforth working with them. they have sponsored me because I fared well in most of my high school grades. I was one of the top graders in my school. This gave my application an edge over the applications of my peers. I was one of the top 3 students of my high school. At the creative level, I am very good on creativity. For instance when I was young, I exercised my creativity by connecting a battery to the correct direction. Then I realized that the small machine is only connected to the circuit in a certain way. When I would change the poles side connected to the circuit, the machine would spin in the other direction.  . And when I change the poles side connected to the circuit, the machine spins in the other direction. I am also c o-operative and I like teamwork. I joined the school mathematics team in the high school and competed in different competitions like the mathematics Olympics which were held in my school and we won most of them. I also joined the school football team in the high school. I am interested in football, poetry, swimming and surfing the internet in my spare time. My parents trusted me when I was fourteen to look after my young brothers and to take care of them for six months I will join different sports such as football and swimming teams. And I will also join clubs and I will participate in different activities. SELF-ASSESSMENT And Motivation factor: The Portfolio I am presenting exhibits hours of self-assessment and reports. The purpose of this portfolio is to emphasize my strengths, skills and competencies. I am a committed, hardworking individual who is able to work effectively in a team; in addition I have strong communication skills and confidence. I can also demonstrate advanced pr oblem solving skills that will help me a lot in financial advising, my drive and ambition ensure I will be a valuable addition in any company. I like to take the approach that I am my own company. I think I am proud of my skills and my ability to counteract any negatives by offering a solution in difficult situations. This means turning those negatives into positives. My time management skills and other skills like, Communications (listening, reading, speaking and writing), Mathematics and Analytical Ability, Career Exploration, Teamwork/Leadership is excellent and I am organized and efficient. I prefer to complete the project well ahead of schedule. I am a learner and I belief that if I am not familiar with something I am always keen to learn and implement it if given an opportunity. I am always been motivated by the desire to do a good job at whatever position I am in. I enjoy traveling to explore different working culture with new staff with different background, and I am always ready to face new kind of situation. I am always to keen to learn about different things and adventures. I want to excel to be successful in my job, both for my own personal satisfaction and for my employer. Not only I want to mature with contact to the intricacies of business and cultural management tasks, but I also intend to contribute significantly in increasing the landscape of my organization. MY GOALS, Work Philosophy and My SWOT: Goal setting is important for everyone to reach their Dreams

Non Human Primates, Essay -- Chimpanzees

NON HUMAN PRIMATES Non human primates’ social organization can provide useful information how human social evolution occurs. We will go over main points of how similar and different non human primates such as chimpanzees, orangutans, and gorillas’ society are compared to ours, humans. Chimpanzee Social Organization and Communication Chimpanzees (Figure 1) are the closest living relatives to us, and they share 99 percent of our DNA (1). Chimpanzees have distinct group territoriality. Male chimpanzees â€Å"patrol† near the boundary between the two ranges, at that time they move very carefully and quietly, and they can cease to listen and observe the range of their neighbors. Patrolling individuals are likely to face cruel and violent attacks, injuries, and even deaths. Intense excitement and aggressive display can occur if the two parties of two communities encounter each other. Usually, the larger group holds its ground, and interaction between different chimpanzees communities may also lead to gang attack. Expanding the community range is necessary to their social organizations, the males cooperation can defend the territory and increase the reproductive rates of the resident females by excluding female and male competitors. Body contact is common in their social life such as grooming (1). Usually, ch impanzees groom each other as a way to show harmony and solidarity in their society (Figure 2). Grooming each other demonstrates the deep bonds and close relationship between them. In addition, they can even hug, hold hands, touch, kiss each other as a way of emotional expression (2). In order to show off how powerful one chimpanzee is, the male can swing, pull down the trees, drag them, throw sticks and stones, and stomp on t... ...higher and more complicated degree. More research done about non human primates can help us understand more our social, ecological, and cultural roots. Reference 1) B.M.de Waal, Tree of Origin: What Primate Behavior Can Tell Us about Human Social Evolution. Havard University Press: Massachusets, 2001. 2) Chimpanzees Communication. Retrieved Mar 20 from 3) Galdikas, M et al.Great Ape Odyssey. Harry N. Abrams Inc., Publishers. 2005. 4) Chimps Behavior. The Jane Goodall Institute of Cananda website. Retrieved Mar 20 from 5) Vergano, D. Scientist scratch the surface of chimp communication. USA Today. April 6. 2006. Retrieve Mar 20 from

Racial Diversity in Society Worksheet Essay

African Americans are more involved in the American political process than other minority groups in the United States, because, as indicated by the highest level of voter registration and participation in elections among these groups in 2004. African Americans have achieved higher levels of education than immigrants to the United States. African Americans also have the highest level of Congressional representation of any minority group in the United States. A large majority of African Americans also support the Democratic Party. In the 2004 Presidential Election, Democrat John Kerry received 88 percent of the African American voters compared to 11 percent for Republican George W. Bush. Historically, the African Americans who supported the Republican Party only votes were because of the Republican President Abraham Lincoln due to him helping grant freedom to American slaves. At the time, the Republicans and Democrats represented the sectional interests of the North and South, respectively, rather than any specific beliefs, and both Republicans and Democratic were represented equally in both parties. The African American trend of voting for Democrats can be traced all the way back to the 1930’s during the Great Depression. When Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal program provided economic relief to African Americans; Roosevelt’s New Deal coalition turned the Democratic Party into an organization of the working class and their liberal allies, regardless of region. The African American voters became even more exclusively Democratic, when Democratic presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson pushed for the civil rights legislation during the 1960s. After over 50 years, the marriage rates for all Americans began to decrease while the divorce rates and out-of-wedlock births have increased. These changes have been the greatest amongst the African Americans.

The Use of Satire in Gullivers Travels - 903 Words

Satire is a literary work that uses humor, hyperbole, and derision to ridicule the human behaviors and customs. Rather than being judgmental, many writers utilize satire to convey their innovative ideas to change certain aspects of society. From the many writers that used satire to condemn the actions of society, Jonathan Swifts, Gullivers travels, stands as one of the best satirical work in human history. Published in 1726, Gullivers travels is an adventure of Lemuel Gulliver whose voyage turns into a series of disasters to various strange islands where he lives with humans and animals of various sizes, behaviors, and philosophies. Through the usage of extended metaphor and symbolism, Swift brings to light numerous religious and†¦show more content†¦They are mean, cruel, and morally corrupt. Filled with greed and ingratitude they shoot at Gulliver with their small weapons that seem only to tickle Gulliver. After they notice that his not looking for trouble, they offer him food and grant him citizenship in their land. By making the Lilliputians small, powerful people, Swift satirizes the attitude of the English Government at the time. To effectively satirize the politics of England, Swift uses various political parties to convey his message. In Lilliput, there are two political parties; The Trameckson—who are also known as the high heels, and the Slamecksan, who are also known as low heels. Swift uses the trameckson and the Slamecksan to satirize two of the two most powerful English Parties. (Bullit) The Tramecksan Party is mostly conservative and supports the ancient constitution of Lilliput. (Ewald) The emperor of Lilliput, however, favors the slamecksoan and allows only low heels into the administration. â€Å"The animosity of these two factions runs so high that they will neither eat, nor drink, nor speak to each other.†(Swift chap. iv) Moreover, by characterizing the Lilliputians as morally corrupt, Swift satirizes the political as pect of the English Society. For example, Swifts model for Flimnap was Robert Walpole, the leader of the Whigs and Englands first prime minister in the modern sense. (Soens) By making Flimnap, the most skillfully rope dancer, Swift demonstrates howShow MoreRelatedEssay on Use of Satire in Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels729 Words   |  3 PagesEffective Use of Satire in Gullivers Travelsnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp; Jonathan Swifts story, Gullivers Travels, is a very clever story. 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